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  Chapter 15 - Supermarket


  Vocabulary


饭fànfood, rice
鸡蛋jīdàneggs
面包mìanbāobread
茶chátea
啤酒píjǐubeer
葡萄酒pútáojǐuwine
汽水qìshuǐsoda
牛奶níunǎimilk
果汁guǒzhījuice
咖啡kāfēicoffee
可口可乐Kěkǒu KělèCoca-Cola
肉ròumeat
牛肉níuròubeef
猪肉zhūròupork
羊肉yángròulamb
鸡肉jīròuchicken
鸭肉yāròuduck
排骨páigǔspareribs
鱼yúfish
虾xiāshrimp
蟹xìecrab
干贝gānbèiscallops
蔬菜shūcàivegetables
青菜qīngcàigreen vegetables
汤tāngsoup
豆腐dòufubeancurd
水果shuǐguǒfruit
蘋果píngguǒapples
蘋果xīangjīaobananas
橘子júzioranges
蛋糕dàngāocake
冰淇淋bīngqílínice cream
醋cùvinegar
糖tángsugar, candy

 Look at the Characters

果
糖
香
guǒ
táng
xīang
fruit
sugar
fragrant

New Combinations

果醬
果園
果皮
果肉
果糖
果汁
果木

白糖
紅糖
冰糖
糖果
糖蜜
糖水
糖衣

香瓜
香腸
香粉
香火
香蕉水
香氣
香水
香油
香脂
 (fruit + sauce)
(fruit + garden)
(fruit + skin)
(fruit + meat)
(fruit + sugar)
(fruit + juice)
(fruit + tree)

(white + sugar)
(red + sugar)
(ice + sugar)
(sugar + fruit)
(sugar + honey)
(sugar + water)
(sugar + clothes)

(fragrant + melon)
(fragrant + intestine)
(fragrant + powder)
(fragrant + fire)
(banana + water)
(fragrant + air)
(fragrant + water)
(fragrant + oil)
(fragrant + grease)
jam
orchard
peel,rind
fruit pulp
fructose
fruit juice
fruit tree

refined sugar
brown sugar
rock candy
candy
molasses
syrup
sugarcoating

muskmelon
sausage
face powder
joss, incense
banana oil
aromatic
perfume
sesame oil
face cream
 quǒjìang
guǒyuán
guǒpí
guǒròu
guǒtáng
guǒzhī
guǒmù

báitáng
hóngtáng
bīngtáng
tánguǒ
tángmì
tánqshuǐ
tángyī

xīangguā
xīangcháng
xīangfěn
xīanghuǒ
xīangjīaoshuǐ
xīangqì
xīangshuǐ
xīangyóu
xīangzhī


Look at the Language

1. Past Tense

  There is no such thing as a verb "tense" in Chinese:


他看書.

 Tā kàn shū.

 could mean, for example,

He reads a book (or)
He has read a book (or)
He will read a book (or)
....

You can refer to the past with an appropriate adverb:


她到中國去.


上個星期, 她到中國去.

 Tā dào Zhōnggúo qù.
She is going to China.

Shàngge xīngqī, tā dào Zhōngquó qù.
Last week, she went to China.

他來.
他今天來.
他明天來.
他昨天來.

Tā lái.
Tā jīntīan lái.
Ta míngtīan lái.
Ta zuótīan lái.

He is coming.
He is coming today.
He is coming tomorrow.
He came yesterday.

 A way to indicate that the action of the sentence has already occurred, without having to use an adverb of time, is to use the particle word le:

我到美國去.
我到美國去了.

他來.
他來了.		 Wǒ dào Měiguó qù.
Wǒ dào Měigúo qù le.

Tā lài.
Tā lái le. 		I am going to America.
I went to America.

He is coming.
He came.

  Le is used only in affirmative sentences. To make the sentence negative, use meiyou or mei:

我們吃飯.
我們沒有吃飯.
我們沒吃飯.

他去.
他沒有去.
他沒去.
 Wǒmen chīfàn.
Wǒmen méiyǒu chīfàn. Wǒmen méi chīfàn.

Tā qù
Tā méiyǒu qù
Tā méi qù.

We are eating.
We didn't eat.
We didn't eat.

He is going.
He didn't go.
He didn't go.